Impact of Denial-of-Service Attack on Directional Compact Geographic Forwarding Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

يَعِدُ بروتوكول التوجيه، الموجه الجغرافي المضغوط (DCGF) بتوليد الحد الأدنى من النفقات العامة من خلال استخدام هوائي ذكي وتجميع واعٍ لجودة الخدمة (QoS). ومع ذلك، تم اختبار DCGF فقط في سيناريو خالٍ من الهجمات دون إشراك عناصر الأمان.  لذلك، تم إجراء استقصاء لفحص خوارزمية بروتوكول التوجيه فيما إذا كانت آمنة ضد الشبكات القائمة على الهجوم بوجود هجوم رفض الخدمة (DoS).  تم إجراء هذا التحليل على هجوم DoS باستخدام مهاجم واحد مثالي، A1، للتحقيق في تأثير هجوم DoS على DCGF في خط اتصال.  أظهرت الدراسة أن   DCGF لا يعمل بكفاءة من حيث نسبة تسليم الحزم واستهلاك الطاقة حتى على مهاجم واحد.Directional Compact Geographic Forwarding (DCGF) routing protocol promises a minimal overhead generation by utilizing a smart antenna and Quality of Service (QoS) aware aggregation. However, DCGF was tested only in the attack-free scenario without involving the security elements. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to examine the routing protocol algorithm whether it is secure against attack-based networks in the presence of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. This analysis on DoS attack was carried out using a single optimal attacker, A1, to investigate the impact of DoS attack on DCGF in a communication link. The study showed that DCGF does not perform efficiently in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption even on a single attacker

Impacts of Denial-of-Service Attack on Energy Efficiency Pulse Coupled Oscillator

The Pulse Coupled Oscillator (PCO) has attracted substantial attention and widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where it utilizes firefly synchronization to attract mating partners, similar to artificial occurrences that mimic natural phenomena. However, the PCO model might not be applicable for simultaneous transmission and data reception because of energy constraints. Thus, an energy-efficient pulse coupled oscillator (EEPCO) has been proposed, which employs the self-organizing method by combining biologically and non-biologically inspired network systems and has proven to reduce the transmission delay and energy consumption of sensor nodes. However, the EEPCO method has only been experimented in attack-free networks without considering the security elements which may cause malfunctioning and cyber-attacks. This study extended the experiments by testing the method in the presence of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to investigate the efficiency of EEPCO in attack-based networks. The result shows EEPCO has poor performance in the presence of DoS attacks in terms of data gathering and energy efficiency, which then concludes that the EEPCO is vulnerable in attack-based networks